Written by Jesse Rohloff
With their long, flowing coats and sweeping horns, Highland cattle are one of the oldest and most distinctive breeds in the world. Their history stretches back centuries, shaped by the rugged landscapes of Scotland and the traditions of the people who lived there.
Highland cattle trace their origins to the Scottish Highlands and western islands, where they were first recorded more than 1,000 years ago. Early written references date back to the 6th century, though the breed’s history likely goes back even further. Bred in some of the harshest conditions in Europe, Highlands developed the hardiness and resilience that still define them today.
The long, double-layered coat that makes Highlands so iconic was no accident — it was nature’s answer to Scotland’s cold, wet climate. While other cattle breeds might struggle, Highlands thrived on sparse forage and rugged ground. Their ability to convert rough grazing into strength made them essential to the survival of farming families in the Highlands.
Highland cattle were more than livestock — they were a part of Scottish heritage. They provided meat, milk, and hides, and were often featured in folk songs and stories. Over time, they became a symbol of strength, beauty, and endurance in the Highlands, embodying the spirit of the land itself.
In the 1800s, Highland cattle began to spread beyond Scotland, first across the United Kingdom and then overseas. Today, herds can be found around the world, from North America to Australia, admired both for their beef quality and their striking appearance. Despite their global reach, they remain deeply tied to their Scottish roots.
The American Highland Cattle Association, founded in 1948, continues to preserve and promote the breed in the United States. Modern Highland cattle remain true to their heritage: hardy, long-lived, and uniquely beautiful. Their history is not just about survival — it’s about endurance, tradition, and a bond between people and animals that continues today.
Takeaway for Visitors: When you see a Highland grazing peacefully at Rohloff Ranch Highlands, you’re looking at a living piece of history. These cattle carry centuries of resilience and tradition in every step, connecting our Maryland pastures to the misty hills of Scotland.
Published: September 17, 2025